This book is the 13th volume in the biennially-released China Science and Technology Indicator, i.e. the Yellow Book on Science and Technology, published by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. The report has, on the basis of China’s national S&T statistics and relevant economic and social statistics, presented a systematic analysis and evaluation of China’s S&T human resources, R&D expenditures, S&T output, S&T activities carried out by major entities (enterprises, higher education institutions and government research institutes), high-technology industries, the overall scale and structural distribution of regional S&T development. The report has reflected the main characteristics of China’s S&T activities.