China Science and Technology Indicators 2016 (English version), which is drafted on the basis of S&T statistics, provides a systemic picture of the development of science and technology in China and the historical process of China’s development as an innovative country from eight aspects: S&T human resources, research and experiment funds, output of S&T activities, S&T activities of major executive departments (enterprises, universities and government research institutions), high-tech industries and regional S&T progress. According to the data, China is showing a sound momentum of development in both S&T input and output, and the STI performance of various entities and industrial development. Starting from 1994, CASTED has been studying and publishing the English versions of China Science and Technology Indicators. This report is the 11th issue of the series.