Abstract: As an endeavor to reshape the relationship between innovation and society and to better orient innovation to social needs，responsible research and innovation ( ＲＲI ) is becoming a hotly discussed concept in science and technology policy research and policy making in developed countries recently. Some characteristics of traditional science and technology management system in China，such as scientism，developmentalism and top-down management model，are not compatible with ＲＲI. However，the rapid social transition in China has led to a series of changes in the attitudes towards and behavior related to responsibility of innovation of various stakeholders，including public， scientific community，enterprises and government，which provides an ideal environment for ＲＲI development in China. To further implement ＲＲI in China，more challenges，such as how to balance the responsibility and efficacy of innovation，how to strengthen the communication and co-operation among stakeholders，and how to involve the public in ＲＲI，needs to be solved.